ABSTRACT
Introduction: Periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia is a pathologic entity resulting from bone and cementum reactional process which affects the periapical region of the anterior mandible. Its etiology is not fully understood, but possibly it is related to an unusual bone and cementum response to some local factor. Objective: The aim of this study is to present a case of periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia. Case report: A 50 years-old female patient sought for dental care due to pain in the lower right premolar region. The panoramic radiography revealed the presence of an extensive radiolucent lesion with radiopaque areas located between the roots of the teeth #43 and #35. Teeth presented vitality and it was not observed any changes involving the periodontal ligament. Periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia diagnosis was established through clinical and radiographic features. Periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia does not require any treatment unless complications occur. Patient's complaint of discomfort was related to occlusal imbalance and was solved after the occlusion reestablishment. The patient was radiographically followed-up for 12 months and the lesion exhibits satisfactory signs of healing. Conclusion: The dentists need to be aware of asymptomatic intra-osseous lesions affecting the anterior region of mandible not to misconduct the diagnosis that could compromise the patient's oral health.